HTML uses graded headings (<h1> through <h6>) that default to decreasing text sizes
Paragraphs (<p>) separate text, and new paragraphs will begin on a new line. Text within can be bolded (<b>), italicized (<i>) and further styled with tags around specific text (following standard element rules) (see Duckett on HTML p 45-48)
Browsers use white space collapsing to display 1 space when 2+ are continuous in code
Content management systems may add markup automatically to pasted text– plain text editors can serve as a “clean” copy source to avoid this
Semantic Markup: Used to describe or communicate about content for data or other programmatic interpretation rather than user view (eg: <cite>;<strong>)
Cascading Style Sheets: controls visuals of content and text
Inline (selectors w/ elements); Internal (<style> section for whole page); external (pulled from other file– useful for templating, aids load times in some circumstances)
Cascading priority: Marked Important (!important); More Specific; Later
Anatomy: Statements (individual instructions) separated by ;’s; Code Blocks separated by curled braces (which may contain multiple statements)
Comments: Use // for single-line, /* to */ for multi-line.
Variables named, stored data that may be recalled (short-term) or adjusted through statements
Numeric: can include integers, decimals,
String: text, indicated by closed quotes ('string' or "string"). No breaks in a string. Use escape characters (\) to safely use meaningful JS characters within a string.
Boolean: True or False
note: JS doesn’t need data type specified when variables are declared
Begins with letter, $, or _
Contains letters, $,_, and numbers. NO - or .
Keywords and reserved words can’t be used
Case-sensitive
“camel case”: capitalize only words after initial word in variable name
Variable that stores multiple values (lists) separated by ,’s within brackets, like soup = [355, 'Chopped Mushrooms', False];
Declared like other variables
Can include various data types
Ordering: values accessed in left-right order (first position is position 0), like: tastyIngredient = soup[1];, including for adjustment or reassignment. “length” property is number of arrayed items (can be accessed with .length, like: soup.length)
Comparison operators evaluate a value for true or false Boolean: == (equality); != (inequality); === (strict equality requiring same data type); !== (strict inequality) > ; < ; >= (greater than/equal to); <= ;
Logical operators test one or more conditions until a Boolean result: && (logical And); || (logical Or); ! (logical Not)